Solution of stream-wise flow Velocity in two dimensions (in width and depth directions) in rivers is essential for many hydraulic features such as stage-discharge rating curve development, suspended sediment transport estimation and boundary shear stress calculation. In this paper, using Chiu's entropy theory, a simple method has been proposed for simulation of vertical and transverse profiles of flow Velocity in the straight rivers. For calibration and validation of the proposed method, a new idea based on the optimum estimation of entropy parameter in rivers was used. The results of this study at Aghghalla hydrometric station located on Gorganrood River showed that Velocity flow field obtained by the Chiu's theory has suitable accuracy compared to the field data. Further, statistical analysis of the results revealed that the mean absolute errors of this method for solution of flow velocities in calibration and validation stages are 5. 2% and 3. 5%, respectively. These errors are 5. 9% and 6. 04% respectively for the total river flow discharge prediction. According to little input data, the proposed method has more advantage than other existing methods.

Triangular channels have different applications in many water and wastewater engineering problems. For this purpose investigating hydraulic characteristics of flow in these sections has great importance. Researchers have presented different prediction methods for the Velocity contours in prismatic sections. Most proposed methods are not able to consider the effect of walls roughness، the roughness distribution and secondary flows. However، due to complexity and nonlinearity of Velocity contours in open channel flow، there is no simple relationship that can be fully able to exactly draw the Velocity contours. In this paper an efficient approach for modeling Velocity contours in triangular open channels with non-uniform roughness distributions by Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) has been suggested. For training and testing model، the experimental data including 1703 data in triangular channels with geometric symmetry and non-uniform roughness distributions have been used. Comparing experimental results with predicted values by model indicates that ANFIS model is capable to be used in simulation of local Velocity and determining Velocity contours and the independent evaluation showed that the calculated values of discharge and depth-averaged Velocity from model information are precisely in conformity with experimental values.

A new method to generate various family of distributions is introduced.This method introduces a new two-parameter extension of the exponential distribution to illustrate its application. Some statistical and reliability properties of the new distribution, including explicit expressions for the moments, quantiles, mode, moment generating function, mean residual lifetime, stochastic orders, order statistics and some entropies are discussed.Maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the unknown parameters and the Fisher information matrix is given. The obtained results are validated using a real data set and it is shown that the new family provides a better fit than some other known distributions.

Introduction: An important variable in investigation of agility during puberty is the age of reaching peak high Velocity, which like other agility indicators is under the effect of different factors such as physical condition and type. The purpose of present research was to examine relationship between somatotype and peak high Velocity (PHV) among Iranian 7-10 years old boys.Methods: Participants were 313 7-10 year-old members of Basij talent identification centers in all Iran's provinces. Somatotype data were calculated using Heath-Cartr instruction and PHV was measured using Mirwald formula and were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regressions.Results: Results of pearson correlation showed that PHV had a positive correlation with ectomorphy and negative correlation with endomrphy and mesomorphy. Total correlation between PHV and somatotype was 0.50 which explained 25% of PHV variance. Results of regression analysis showed ectomrphy and endomorphy were significant predictors of PHV but msomrphy was not a significant predictor of PHV.Conclusion: Endomorphy had a smaller part in predicting the PHV age, but mesomorphy was not a strong predictor, Moreover, ectomorphy following endomrophy had a strong predicting power. Studies in this area suggest that those who have greater ectomorphic characteristics are less agile and the physiologic requisites for their puberty develop later in their bodies. Therefore poor sport performance of ectomorphic children may result from their distance to PHV age so coaches and instructors should consider this measurement and somatotype.

Given the importance of varentropy in information theory, and since a closed form cannot be derived for some discrete distributions, we aim to establish bounds for the varentropy of these distributions and introduce the past varentropy for discrete random variables. In this article, we first acquired lower and upper bounds for the varentropy of the Poisson, binomial, negative binomial, and hypergeometric distributions. Since the resulting upper bounds are expressed as squared logarithmic expectations, we provide an equivalent formulation using squared logarithmic difference coefficients. Similarly, we present lower bounds in terms of logarithmic difference coefficients. Furthermore, an upper bound is derived for the variance of a function of discrete reversed residual lifetime function. We also investigate inequalities involving moments of selected functions via the reversed hazard rate and characterize certain discrete distributions by the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.